This course examines the principles and practices of genetic engineering—the ability to design genes. Advances in genetic engineering have impacted everyday life, including the production of human insulin from bacteria and the design of vaccines for Influenza and COVID-19. We begin with the central concepts of molecular biology; DNA and RNA structure, gene expression, and genome organization. Building on this foundation, we examine the tools and techniques of genetic engineering such as gene cloning, gene editing, and bioinformatics. The applications of genetic technologies are explored through a variety of case studies, including genetically modified crops that have increased resistance to pests or disease; use of the gene editing tool, CRISPR, to treat sickle cell disease; and modification of plants to make vaccines. We also examine the ethics of manipulating genes and provide a foundation for making informed decisions about biotechnologies.