A survey of financial and accounting instruments utilized when analyzing the fiscal stability of various sports entities, organizations, and governing bodies. Topics covered include accounting principles, the creation of balance sheets, income statements, owner’s equity statements, and statement of cash flows, basic financial concepts and reporting requirements that apply to the sports industry, financial markets, and institutions, ratio analysis, the time value of money, raising and investing capital, budgeting, forecasting, planning and managing long term investments, debt and equity management, and risk assessment.